PRINCIPAL PARTS OF EVERY VERB IN ECCE ROMANI I
ATTENTION, VISITORS: This list contains forms found in various Latin dictionaries but not necessarily in Ecce Romani I. This is based on Mr. Abney's views on Latin principal parts. Forms as listed in the book are indicated in the footnotes at the bottom. Consult your own teacher about using all the 4th principal parts given here.
MODEL OF PRINCIPAL PARTS
Principal Part	Sample Form and Identification		Translation
1st Principal Part	dīcō (1st person singular present active indicative)		I say / am saying / do say
2nd Principal Part	dīcere (present active infinitive)		to say
3rd Principal Part	dīxī (1st person singular perfect active indicative)		I said / did say / have said
4th Principal Part	dictus (perfect passive participle)		having been said
FIRST CONJUGATION VERBS
Memorize the irregular 1st Conjugation forms indicated by all capital letters.
accūsō	accūsāre	accūsāvī	accūsātus
ADIUVŌ	ADIUVĀRE	ADIŪVĪ	ADIŪTUS
aedificiō	aedificāre	aedificāvī	aedificātus
ambulō	ambulāre	ambulāvī	ambulātus^1
amō	amāre	amāvī	amātus
appellō	appellāre	appellāvī	appellātus
appropinquō	appropinquāre	appropinquāvī	appropinquātus^2
cantō	cantāre	cantāvī	cantātus
cēlō	cēlāre	cēlāvī	cēlātus
cēnō	cēnāre	cēnāvī	cēnātus
cessō	cessāre	cessāvī	cessātus^3
clāmō	clāmāre	clāmāvī	clāmātus
cōgitō	cōgitāre	cōgitāvī	cōgitātus
convocō	convocāre	convocāvī	convocātus
cūrō	cūrāre	cūrāvī	cūrātus
dēlectō	dēlectāre	dēlectāvī	dēlectātus
dēmōnstrō	dēmōnstrāre	dēmōnstrāvī	dēmōnstrātus
dēsiderō	dēsiderāre	dēsiderāvī	dēsiderātus
dēvorō	dēvorāre	dēvorāvī	dēvorātus
DŌ	DARE	DEDĪ	DATUS
errō	errāre	errāvī	errātus^4
excitō	excitāre	excitāvī	excitātus
exclāmō	exclāmāre	exclāmāvī	exclāmātus
explicō	explicāre	explicāvī	explicātus
exspectō	exspectāre	exspectāvī	exspectātus
festīnō	festīnāre	festīnāvī	festīnātus
habitō	habitāre	habitāvī	habitātus
incitō	incitāre	incitāvī	incitātus
interpellō	interpellāre	interpellāvī	interpellātus
intrō	intrāre	intrāvī	intrātus
labōrō	labōrāre	labōrāvī	labōrātus
lacrimō	lacrimāre	lacrimāvī	lacrimātus
lātrō	lātrāre	lātrāvī	lātrātus^5
laudō	laudāre	laudāvī	laudātus
LAVŌ	LAVĀRE	LĀVĪ	LAUTUS
mōnstrō	mōnstrāre	mōnstrāvī	mōnstrātus
mussō	mussāre	mussāvī	mussātus
nārrō	nārrāre	nārrāvī	nārrātus
nāvigō	nāvigāre	nāvigāvī	nāvigātus^6
necō	necāre	necāvī	necātus
observō	observāre	observāvī	observātus
parō	parāre	parāvī	parātus
pernoctō	pernoctāre	pernoctāvī	pernoctātus
portō	portāre	portāvī	portātus
praecipitō	praecipitāre	praecipitāvī	praecipitātus
pugnō	pugnāre	pugnāvī	pugnātus^7
purgō	purgāre	purgāvī	purgātus
recuperō	recuperāre	recuperāvī	recuperātus
revocō	revocāre	revocāvī	revocātus
rogō	rogāre	rogāvī	rogātus
saltō	saltāre	saltāvī	saltātus^8
salūtō	salūtāre	salūtāvī	salūtātus
servō	servāre	servāvī	servātus
simulō	simulāre	simulāvī	simulātus
spectō	spectāre	spectāvī	spectātus
STŌ	STĀRE	STETĪ	STATUS^9
temptō	temptāre	temptāvī	temptātus
verberō	verberāre	verberāvī	verberātus
VETŌ	VETĀRE	VETUĪ	VETITUS
vexō	vexāre	vexāvī	vexātus
vigilō	vigilāre	vigilāvī	vigilātus^10
vīsitō	vīsitāre	vīsitāvī	vīsitātus
vītō	vītāre	vītāvī	vītātus
SECOND CONJUGATION VERBS
admoveō	admovēre	admōvī	admōtus
appāreō	appārēre	appāruī	-------^11
augeō	augēre	auxī	auctus
caveō	cavēre	cāvī	cautus
cēnseō	cēnsēre	cēnsuī	cēnsus
dēbeō	dēbēre	dēbuī	dēbitus^12
doceō	docēre	docuī	doctus
doleō	dolēre	doluī	-------^13
faveō	favēre	fāvī	-------^14
gaudeō	gaudēre	(gāvīsus sum)^15
habeō	habēre	habuī	habitus
haereō	haerēre	haesī	-------^16
iaceō	iacēre	iacuī	-------^17
iubeō	iubēre	iussī	iussus
licet	licēre	licuit (impersonal: only 3rd sing.)
lūceō	lūcēre	lūxī	------- (usually 3rd sing.)
maneō	manēre	mānsī	mānsus^18
moveō	movēre	mōvī	mōtus
noceō	nocēre	nocuī	-------^19
obsideō	obsidēre	obsēdī	obsessus
removeō	removēre	remōvī	remōtus
respondeō	respondēre	respondī	respōnsus^20
rīdeō	rīdēre	rīsī	rīsus
sedeō	sedēre	sēdī	sessus^21
soleō	solēre	(solitus sum)^15
stupeō	stupēre	stupuī	-------
taceō	tacēre	tacuī	tacitus
taedet	taedēre	taeduit / (taesum est)^15 (impersonal: only 3rd sing.)
teneō	tenēre	tenuī	tentus
terreō	terrēre	terruī	territus
timeō	timēre	timuī	-------
videō	vidēre	vīdī	vīsus
THIRD CONJUGATION VERBS
accidō	accidere	accidī (only used in book in 3rd singular)
advesperāscit	advesperāscere	advesperāvit (only used in 3rd singular)
agnōscō	agnōscere	agnōvī	agnitus
agō	agere	ēgī	āctus
alō	alere	aluī	al(i)tus
ascendō	ascendere	ascendī	ascēnsus
cadō	cadere	cecidī	cāsus^22
claudō	claudere	clausī	clausus
colō	colere	coluī	cultus
concidō	concidere	concidī	-------
condō	condere	condidī	conditus
condūcō	condūcere	condūxī	conductus
cōnfīdō	cōnfīdere	(cōnfīsus sum)^15
cōnsidō	cōnsidere	cōnsēdī	cōnsessus^23
cōnstituō	cōnstituere	cōnstituī	cōnstitūtus
cōnsulō	cōnsulere	cōnsuluī	cōnsultus
coquō	coquere	coxī	coctus
currō	currere	cucurrī	cursus^24
dēfendō	dēfendere	dēfendī	dēfēnsus
dēscendō	dēscendere	dēscendī	dēscēnsus
dēvertō	dēvertere	dēvertī	dēversus
dīcō	dīcere	dīxī	dictus
discēdō	discēdere	discessī	discessus^25
dūcō	dūcere	dūxī	ductus
emō	emere	ēmī	emptus
extendō	extendere	extendī	extentus
extrahō	extrahere	extrāxī	extractus
gemō	gemere	gemuī	gemitus
gerō	gerere	gessī	gestus
induō	induere	induī	indūtus
inūrō	inūrere	inussī	inustus
lambō	lambere	lambī	lambitus
legō	legere	lēgī	lēctus
lūdō	lūdere	lūsī	lūsus^26
mittō	mittere	mīsī	missus
occurrō	occurere	occurrī	occursus^27
petō	petere	petīvī	petītus
pluit	pluere	pluit / plūvit (usually only 3rd singular)
pōnō	pōnere	posuī	positus
praecurrō	praecurrere	praecucurrī^28/praecurrī	praecursus^29
prōmittō	prōmittere	prōmīsī	prōmissus
quiēscō	quiēscere	quiēvī	quiētus^30
regō	regere	rēxī	rēctus
relinquō	relinquere	relīquī	relictus
repellō	repellere	reppulī	repulsus
reprehendō	reprehendere	reprehendī	reprehēnsus
scrībō	scrībere	scrīpsī	scrīptus
stertō	stertere	stertuī	-------
stringō	stringere	strīnxī	strictus
sūmō	sūmere	sūmpsī	sūmptus
surgō	surgere	surrēxī	surrēctus^31
trādō	trādere	trādidī	trāditus
trahō	trahere	trāxī	tractus
tremō	tremere	tremuī	-------
vertō	vertere	vertī	versus
vincō	vincere	vīcī	victus
THIRD—IŌ CONJUGATION
arripiō	arripere	arripuī	arreptus
capiō	capere	cēpī	captus
cōnficiō	cōnficere	cōnfēcī	cōnfectus
coniciō	conicere	coniēcī	coniectus
cōnspiciō	cōnspicere	cōnspexī	cōnspectus
effugiō	effugere	effūgī	effugitus^32
excipiō	excipere	excēpī	exceptus
faciō	facere	fēcī	factus
fugiō	fugere	fūgī	fugitus^33
iaciō	iacere	iēcī	iactus
īnspiciō	īnspicere	īnspexī	īnspectus
olfaciō	olfacere	olfēcī	olfactus
perficiō	perficere	perfēcī	perfectus
FOURTH CONJUGATION VERBS
adveniō	advenīre	advēnī	adventus^34
aperiō	aperīre	aperuī	apertus
audiō	audīre	audīvī	audītus
custōdiō	custōdīre	custōdīvī	custōdītus
dormiō	dormīre	dormīvī	dormītus^35
ēsuriō	ēsurīre	ēsurīvī	-------^36
feriō	ferīre	ferīvī	ferītus
fīniō	fīnīre	fīnīvī	fīnītus
impediō	impedīre	impedīvī	impedītus
inveniō	invenīre	invēnī	inventus
nesciō	nescīre	nescīvī	nescītus
obdormiō	obdormīre	obdormīvī	obdormītus^37
pūniō	pūnīre	pūnīvī	pūnītus
sciō	scīre	scīvī	scītus
veniō	venīre	vēnī	ventus^38
IRREGULAR VERBS
Memorize these forms. Pay special attention to the capitalized key verbs.
abeō	abīre	abiī / abīvī	abitus^39
absum	abesse	āfuī	-------^40
adsum	adesse	adfuī	-------^41
circumeō	circumīre	circumiī / circumīvī	circumitus
EŌ	ĪRE	IĪ / ĪVĪ	ITUS^42
exeō	exīre	exiī / exīvī	exitus^43
FERŌ	FERRE	TULĪ	LĀTUS
NŌLŌ	NŌLLE	NŌLUĪ	-------
POSSUM	POSSE	POTUĪ	-------
praetereō	praeterīre	praeteriī / praeterīvī	praeteritus
redeō	redīre	rediī / redīvī	reditus^44
SUM	ESSE	FUĪ	-------^45
VOLŌ	VELLE	VOLUĪ	-------
FOOTNOTES
^1ambulō		4th form in text: ambulātūrus
^2appropinquō		4th form in text: appropinquātūrus
^3cessō		4th form in text: cessātūrus
^4errō		4th form in text: errātūrus
^5lātrō		4th form in text: lātrātūrus
^6nāvigō		4th form in text: nāvigātārus
^7pugnō		4th form in text: pugnātūrus
^8saltō		4th form in text: saltātūrus
^9stō		4th form in text: statūrus
^10vigilō		4th form in text: vigilātūrus
^11appāreō		4th form in text: appāritūrus
^12dēbeō		4th form in text: dēbitūrus
^13doleō		4th form in text: dolitūrus
^14faveō		4th form in text: fautūrus
^15Four verbs in this list form their perfect tenses in an unusual way: gaudeō / soleō / cōnfîdō / and one variation of the impersonal verb taedet. None of the 3rd principal parts listed above occurs in the textbook. Instead of using the standard perfect endings + 3rd principal part, these verbs use a participial form + forms of sum. Participle forms change to match the number and gender of the subject of the sentence. Translate them just as you would any other perfect tense verb; do not translate the sum form. These verbs are called semi-deponent verbs.
SAMPLE SEMI-DEPONENT VERB		TRANSLATION
(The first form of the participle is masculine and the second feminine. There will obviously be no neuter possibilities for gaudeō since only males and females can rejoice.)
gāvīsus / gāvīsa sum		(I rejoiced)
gāvīsus / gāvīsa es		(you rejoiced)
gāvīsus / gāvīsa est		(he rejoiced / she rejoiced)
gāvīsī / gāvīsae sumus		(we rejoiced)
gāvīsī / gāvīsae estis		(you rejoiced)
gāvīsī / gāvīsae sunt		(they rejoiced)
^16haereō		4th form in text: haesūrus
^17iaceō		4th form in text: iacitūrus
^18maneō demonstrates the inconsistency of the principles behind Ecce Romani: in many books the 4th form is mānsūrus
^19noceō		4th form in text: nocitūrus
^20respondeō		4th form in text: respōnsūrus
^21sedeō		4th form in text: sessūrus
^22cadō		4th form in text: cāsūrus
^22cōnsīdō		no 4th form in text
^24currō		4th form in text: cursūrus
^25discēdō		4th form in text: discessūrus
^26lūdō		4th form in text: lūsūrus
^27occurrō		4th form in text: occursūrus
^28praecurrō		praecucurrī not in text; preferred by Lewis and Short
^29praecurrō		4th form in text: praecursūrus
^30quiēscō		4th form in text: quiētūrus
^31surgō		4th form in text: surrēctūrus
^32effugiō		no 4th form in text
^33fugiō		no 4th form in text
^34adveniō		4th form in text: adventūrus
^35dormiō		4th form in text: dormītūrus
^36ēsuriō		4th form in text: ēsuritūrus
^37obdormiō		4th form in text: obdormītūrus
^38veniō		4th form in text: ventūrus
^39abeō		4th form in text: abitūrus
^40absum		4th form in text: āfutūrus
^41adsum		4th form in text: adfutūrus
^42eō		4th form in text: itūrus
^43exeō		4th form in text: exitūrus
^44redeō		4th form in text: reditūrus
^45sum		4th form in text: futūrus